GRAMMAR
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The company heavily taxed Indian residents and prevented them from holding office. Hindu and Muslim residents were divided into different locations in 1905, creating strife among the religious groups. Indian residents continued to fight and protest for independence, and after World War II, Britain agreed to end its colonization. Northern areas of India occupied by Muslims were split off into the new nation of Pakistan in 1947, and ____.
A) but now it is independent and does well economically
B) the rest of India became free immediately afterward
C) today the people in India lead an independent but a poor life
D) it gained power to survive and accomplished a lot but it failed again
E) now, it is one of the most famous places to visit
Anyone looking for a way to do something for the environment need look no further than their own home. In its struggle to [16] ---with the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to [17] ---1990s levels, the EU [18] ---to reduce energy consumption in the home. This is [19] ---surprising since the EU's 160 million buildings are [20] ---responsible for a staggering 40% of all energy consumed by its 15 states.
16. A) coincide
B) agree
C) augment
D) compete
E) comply
The causes of World War II were rooted in the peace
settlement at Versailles in 1919-1920. The peace had
created as many problems as it had solved. The
senior Allied heads of state yielded to demands that
involved annexing German territory and creating new
states out of the eastern European empires. In doing
so, the peacemakers created fresh bitterness and
conflict. The Versailles treaty and its champions,
such as US President Woodrow Wilson, proclaimed
the principle of self-determination for the peoples of
eastern and southern Europe. Yet the new states
created by the treaty crossed ethnic boundaries,
involved political compromises, and frustrated many
of the expectations they had raised. The unsteady
new boundaries would be redrawn by force in the
1930s. The Allied powers also kept up the naval
blockade against Germany after the end of World
War I. This forced the new German government to
accept harsh terms that deprived Germany of its
political power in Europe. The blockade and its
consequences created grievances that made the
German people feel angry and completely humiliated.
It is clear from the passage that, contrary to
Allied expectations, ----.
A) the Germans were able to overcome the
grievances caused by the naval blockade
B) the peace deal made at Versailles brought about
new hostilities and conflicts
C) Germany’s political power in Europe became
further strengthened by the Versailles treaty
D) President Wilson was worried about the political
future of the new states in eastern Europe
E) Germany and the new east European states
soon realized they had much in common and
established good relationships
24.
A) as if B) when C) even though D) so that E) because
It’s implied in the pasage that the basic aim for people to wear clothes seems to be ----.
A) to look more sarcastic
B) to show their character
C) to reveal their social status
D) to keep warm and look more attractive
E) to revolt against dominant rules
Cancer research is basic research _____ cancer in order to identify causes and develop strategies ____ prevention, diagnosis, treatments and cure.
A) in / out
B) into / for
C) out / over
D) off / to
E) through / over
The status of Women in the Victorian Era is often seen as an illustration of the striking discrepancy between
22.
A) escalated
B) vanished
C) alleviated
D) diminished
E) demolished
Some politicians were asked to describe the emotions their own demise would arouse and what would happen after they died, —.
A) therefore all groups gave highly favourable opinions on the measures that were taken by the government
B) while others were given the rather less difficult task of answering questions about their TV viewing habits
C) when the study showed a politician can be a charismatic leader advocating home security measures
D) whereas a politician usually faced an uphill battle to win the approval of voters in an impending election
E) even if you could imagine an unscrupulous politician having a quiet word in the ear of an intelligence officer
When you are figuring out room size, you are solving a geometry problem by figuring out the area. If your room is a square or a rectangle, the calculation is fairly simple; you only need two sides to calculate the area. However, it becomes more complicated if your room is not a standard square or rectangle. ____ Maybe your room is one large rectangle, one smaller rectangle and one triangle.
A) You need to arrive promptly with the proper clothes for the stay
B) A good thank-you note takes only a few minutes to write
C) You should keep your room clean and should never complain
D) If that's the case, you need to divide the room into shapes
E) You can do lots of recreational activities as well
Newly discovered dinosaurs are named by the discoverer or by the paleontologist who determines that it represents a new genus.
----. Sometimes the dinosaur is given a name that describes something unusual about its body, head, or feet. Some are named after the location where they are found, others are named for their behaviour or size, and some are named to honour a person. The name has to be approved by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
A) Dinosaurs were one of several kinds of prehistoric reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic Era
B) Sir Richard Owen coined the word dinosaur, meaning 'fearfully great lizard,' in 1842
C) There are many different ways to choose a dinosaur name
D) It is very difficult to figure out how the dinosaurs sounded, how they behaved, how they mated
E) There were lots of different kinds of dinosaurs that lived at different times
In the end, it was the continual drinking that was his _____.
A) downfall
B) duration
C) diversity
D) drainage
E) dusk
Among the Maori of New Zealand, each community has developed its own way of ---crimes and has chosen a number of different punishments to match them.
A) paying for B) coming along
C) taking over D) holding up
E) dealing with
The chief goal of digestive system is to ____ huge macromolecules, which cannot be absorbed.
A) break down
B) break up
C) break out
D) break through
E) break off
The board felt that such literature would ____ the minds of the youth.
A) define
B) degenerate
C) delegate
D) degrade
E) delay
After having received so many letters of complaint, the mayor of İstanbul held a meeting with the local representatives, and a survey was carried out to asses the services offered by the municipality buses in İstanbul. 500 residents were asked how often they use the buses and whether they are satisfied with the service. 65 percent of them stated that they use the bus every day to get to work or school. 48 percent of users said that the bus service is reliable and efficient most of the time. 49 percent of those asked said that the drivers are polite and helpful. Only 41 percent stated that the buses are clean and comfortable. In conclusion, it was decided that crowding and lack of cleanliness seem to be the main problems. The mayor stated that all the necessary precautions would be taken as soon as possible.
13. According to the results, a large number of those surveyed ----.
A) state that the buses are clean
B) are totally content with the service provided
C) state that they don’t go to work by bus
D) do not prefer buses as a means of transportation
E) use the bus regularly
The economy has to grow at a faster rate than the population increases, a ----- future for the whole of southern Africa will remain nothing more than a mirage.
A) fruitless
B) poor
C) creative
D) prosperous
E) logical
Some new devices that are possible to be installed into the laptops or cell-phones in the future may help users ----.
A) so that they could easily connect the internet by wireless means
B) aimed at tapping the latest technology to improve home health care
C) keep track of their health by checking their vital body signs and then transmitting them to the health personnel immediately
D) who had had connection problems due to technical reasons
E) which is thought to reduce the amount of
the radiation released to the environment
In these days, diversity is a much-used term but nobody wants to ____it.
A) delay
B) delight
C) define
D) degenerate
E) describe
- I am puzzled about why declining birth rates in the West have been accompanied by growing populations of older adults.
Susan :
- You are right. Actually, it is a very complicated issue, and there is a wide range of reasons for it.
Liz :- ----
Susan :
- I don’t know where to start. I think one obvious reason is improved standards of health care.
A) Thank you so much. I’ll take your advice and do
some research on the subject.
B) Exactly. You can perhaps outline some of them
for me.
C) I believe a new type of demographic crisis
different from this confronts Western
governments.
D) One can definitely see that globalization has a
serious impact on the world’s population.
E) Especially
increased nearly four times over since 1900.
The big test -----over the next few weeks when the government ----- to introduce a plan to include drug coverage in Medicare.
A) is coming/ will be expected
B) comes/ was expected
C) has come/ is expecting
D) will come / is expected
E) would come / would be expected
America's subsidies to its cotton farmers have long been a noteworthy example of the harm that rich countries' subsidies ------ on the poor.
A) enforce B) provide
C) exceed D) inflict
E) employ
Few regions are less the master of their own destinies than south east Asia.-----. Indeed, the region includes some of the world's most trade dependent countries. All went well in the early 1990s, but not after 1997.
A) Nevertheless, China has stepped up her imports and many of them are from south east Asia.
B) Sars added its malign influence in 2003
C) Moreover, China has enjoyed a huge store of foreign direct investment, thus starving the south eastern economies of fresh capital
D) This is because their economics are highly sensitive to investment flows and the demand for manufactured goods from far away.
E) However, there is an increased demand for memory chips in which south east Asia specializes.
Although the image of human cave dwellers hunting dinosaurs is well established in fiction, it is far from accurate. People didn't evolve until about 65 million years after the dinosaurs' extinction. Except for the birds, who are the sole surviving descendants of the dinosaurs, the dinosaurs and people are well separated in terms of geologic time. Various dinosaurs lived all around the Earth for about 65 million years ago. ----.
A) However, there were plenty of small and medium-sized dinosaurs
B) Dinosaur species evolved and went extinct throughout the Mesozoic
C) All dinosaurs lived on land; none of them lived in the seas or flew
D) In comparison, people have only been around for about a million years
E) The smallest dinosaur yet discovered is Composgnathus, which was the size of a chicken
_____, high membership cost and single currency problems.
A) Countries wished to join the European Union (EU) to enjoy the benefits
B) Obviously, very serious problems will arise
C) Angela Merkel, wanted the Berlin summit to issue a declaration
D) Disadvantages of the European Union include inefficient policies
E) The European Union has been far more successful than anyone expected
The rule that those under eighteen are forbidden from entering the club is ____ to you, too.
A) anxious
B) applicable
C) apparent
D) adverse
E) annual
A native of
As it is pointed out in the passage, ................
A) the green in
B) there is less bureaucracy in other European capitals than in
C) it is hard to decide how to spend leisure time in
D)
E) galleries in
As far as we are concerned, the evidence put before the court was not ______ enough to convict the man.
A) adamant
B) subsequent
C) earnest
D) consecutive
E) conclusive
______ even though it was obviously very limited in scope.
A) The experiment he has recently been engaged in has produced some interesting results
B) His paper aroused considerable interest
C) The research project will be assigned to a team of specialists
D) The hypothesis will finally be put to the test
E) His intention will, in all likelihood, be misunderstood
I am horrified at the turn things have taken and convinced that he is ______ of much better treatment than that which he is receiving.
A) deserving
B) indulging
C) rebutting
D) safeguarding
E) defending
Though he knows I’m determined to make Marsden the new manager, he’s constantly seeking to bring him down in my estimation.
A) Since I’m fully determined to make Marsden manager I absolutely refuse to listen to all this criticism of him.
B) Even if Marsden weren’t likely to prove a good manager than man has no right to criticise him to me in such a manner.
C) Though he is fully aware of he fact that I’m set on making Marsden the new manager, he still persists in trying to influence me against him.
D) Once Marsden takes on the job of manager all this unfair criticism of him is sure to stop.
E) His opinion of Marsden will surely change once he sees what a capable manager he really is.
Flamenco is the traditional music of the Gypsies (called flamencos) from southern Spain. ----. Later, the term Flamenco was used to describe the songs, dance, and musical style of the Gypsy people. With the popularity of flamenco spreading throughout the world, flamenco guitar music has become more wide-ranging in style and technique. Some flamenco music is now being referred to as 'modern flamenco”
A) It took several centuries of development before flamenco music came to be accepted by society in general
B) Guitarists perform complex flamenco melodies fused with smooth jazz improvisation and rapid fire guitar rifts
C) Each has their own unique style and haunting melodies
D) Their original blend of styles captivates like the abounding beauty of 'Seville'
E) The gypsies used flamenco as a way to express their pain and sadness
One shouldn’t let himself be deceived by how fierce the weather has been for the last three days since it is less so in general.
A) The recent weather may lead you to believe it is always so nice, which is definitely wrong.
B) Although the weather here is usually fierce, we have exceptionally nice weather today, which you should bear in mind.
C) Judging from the way the weather here is, you might believe it’s always so good, but it’s certainly not.
D) Believing the weather to be usually as fierce as it has been in the last three days is deceptive.
E) This bad weather will change soon, as it is normally nicer here, so don’t let yourself be deceived by this temporary state.
Not any ____ of cigarettes are completely harmless.
A) bribes
B) breaths
C) breakages
D) brands
E) braces
Peeling back both space and time, scientists using the Hubble Space Telescope have found that the strange force known as dark energy appears to have existed for at least the past two-thirds of the universe's history. Dark energy is a mysterious repulsive force that opposes gravity, causing the universe to expand. Albert Einstein posited that a form of the force existed nearly a century ago by, but it was not discovered until 1998. Scientists believe dark energy makes up about 70 percent of the substance of the universe. Also, scientists can measure the strength of dark energy by looking at distant galaxies for a type of exploding star known as a Type 1A supernova.
It is clear from the passage that ..............
A) supernovas enable scientists to obtain further information about dark energy
B) no form of energy can stand against gravity
C) only supernovas can terminate dark energy
D) supernovas can lead to the explosion of other stars orbiting around them
E) supernovas have a deep impact on earth’s gravity
You ---- the truth forever if I ---- you.
A) won’t learn / didn’t tell
B) would have learnt / don’t tell
C) didn’t learn / wasn’t telling
D) don’t learn / can’t tell
E) wouldn’t have learned / hadn’t told
----, the Noise Pollution Clearinghouse is partnering with the anti-alarm group Silent Majority to banish car alarms for good.
A) For almost thirty years car alarms have polluted America's cities
B) Now that silent, inexpensive anti-theft devices are available
C) Much as car theft has yet to be reduced but sleepers are roused
D) As the prices had already fallen enough to make their purchase possible
E) In case medical conditions arising from pollution of this kind can be very expensive
The point is made in the passage that the survival of species in different environments -----.
A) is of no real importance except to biologists
B) has been made possible by the continuous efforts of man
C) has aroused very little interest in the general public
D) has been made possible by diversity
E) bears no relation to the survival of languages and cultures.
The ability of the cat to survive falls from high places that would kill humans or other animals is not due to multiple lives, but to several advantages they possess. Their small size and low body weight soften the impact as they make contact with the ground. The highly developed inner ears of cats equip them with a keen sense of balance, which is critical to their landing on their feet. Since cats land on all four paws, the impact from landing on the ground is absorbed by all four. Additionally, cats bend their legs when they land, which cushions the impact by spreading the impact. A cat stands a greater chance of survival if it falls from a higher place than from a lower place. Laws of physics explain why the survival rates vary. All falling bodies, regardless of their masses, accelerate by
55. The passage presents a(n) ---- account of the cat’s ability to survive falls from high places.
A) superstitious
B) psychological
C) scientific
D) emotional
E) pedagogical
Mark : The new developments in advertising techniques are really very interesting.
Peter : ______
Mark : Well, here’s one of the big petrol companies flaunting its commitment to environmental considerations.
Peter : Yes, that certainly is a new approach.
A) Give me an example.
B) I make a point of never believing an advertisement.
C) The techniques may have changed, but have the aims?
D) The aim of every advertisement is to deceive!
E) Perhaps. But how much are they costing us?