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The science of computers and the technology of their use are broad and complex subjects ......... Consequently, as in other similar fields so in computer science, there is a great variety of terminology and jargon.
A) Even the children in primary schools now learn to use computers
B) Obviously there are several types of computers which would serve the particular purpose adequately
C) The languages the computer understands are easily understood by even ordinary people
D) One recent developments that computers are getting smaller and smaller
E) Moreover, the rapid rate of change in this field contributed still further to this complexity
(I) For governments and institutions, disaster preparedness is of vital importance. (II) This is especially so in countries where the risk of disaster is real. (III) Since disaster preparedness is a multi-sectoral activity, the functions and respective responsibilities of each sector must be clearly defined. (IV) In fact, few types of natural disaster can be predicted accurately. (V) Moreover, a precise division of labour among institutions and agencies, and detailed pre-disaster planning will reduce enormously the adverse effects of a disaster.
The programme makers disagree that seeing
violence on television has a ____ effect on children.
A) superfluous
B) distinguished
C) mutual
D) emerging
E) harmful
An earthquake comes like a thief in the night without warning ----.
A) therefore it has become a necessary to invent instruments that never fail
B) while it was being shaken all the way along the horizontal line of the wave movement
C) thus longitudinal vibrations arriving one after the other at short intervals are recorded
D) in the midst of all this movement a greater shock will shake the floor
E) for instance one would stand up on end like ninepins
The age at which puberty begins seems to be influenced by a child’s general health and
nutrition ---- by socioeconomic and hereditary factors.
A) also B) so long as C) as well as
D) both E) either
Few figures in Western history have held the attention of the world ----.
A) so long as Napoleon pursued serious interests in history, law, and mathematics
B) as Napoleon did during the fifteen years of his rule in
C) because Napoleon’s character seemed suited to the age in which he lived
D) since Napoleon’s particular strength as a leader lay in his capacity for inspiring others
E) just as Napoleon believed that he was destined to be the saviour of
He grabbed the microphone and told his people that the colonization of the country was nothing other than the domination of the western world.
A) Mikrofonu kaptı ve halkına ülkesinin sömürülmesinin Batı dünyasının hâkimiyetinden başka bir şey olmadığını açıkladı.
B) Mikrofonu kaptı ve halkına ülkesinin sömürülmesinde Batı dünyasının hâkimiyetinin yadsınamayacağını söyledi.
C) Mikrofonu kaptı ve halkına ülkesinin sömürülmesinin Batı dünyasının hâkimiyetiyle aynı şey olduğunu duyurdu.
D) Mikrofonu kaptı ve halkına dönüp ülkesinin sömürülmesinin Batı dünyasının hâkimiyetinden başka bir şey olmadığını ilan etti.
E) Mikrofonu kaptı ve halkına ülkesinin sömürülmesinin Batı dünyasının hâkimiyetinden başka bir şey olmadığını söyledi.
The US company, Scientific Applications and Research Associates (SARA) Inc, has developed crow-dispersal weapons for the US military that generate high-Intensity sound waves. Sound levels of 120 to 130 decibels cause pain and blurred vision; above 140 decibels, sound produces profound discomfort throughout the body. Earplugs are no protection. These acoustic systems have a directed beam, projecting Die sound in a narrow fan. They include high-intensity sound generators with power levels of up to 60 kilowatts and are combustion driven, using a series of small explosions to create a noise or drive a siren or whistle.
It is pointed out in the passage that the new acoustic system developed for the US military ______.
A) sometimes produce high-intensity vibrations that cause widespread damage to buildings
B) should only be used in cases of extreme emergency
C) can cause permanent damage to the eye
D) were primarily designed for use in wartime
E) were primarily designed to break up creeds
One aim of the writer in this passage is to make people realize that -----.
A) it is dangerous to interfere with the balance of nature
B) everything in the universe has an explanation
C) many of the facts about various planets are exceedingly boring
D) all the seas in the world will eventually be like the Dead Sea
E) what may seem simple and straightforward may actually not be so
The main power of media lies in the fact that it can shape what we know about the world can be a main source of ideas and opinion ......... This power is greater if we consider all the various media together, not just one, such as the press.
A) The most influential media is obviously television
B) Indeed, it can influence the way we think and act more than we realise
C) Journalists are jealous of the power of television
D) In recent decades the main concern of the media has been democracy
E) Most governments ignore the influence of the media on society
Coffee beans are second only to petroleum as the most traded commodity in the world.
A) Petroleum is the world's most traded commodity, and after that come coffee beans.
B) Petroleum and coffee beans share the honour of being the world's most traded commodities.
C) Coffee beans vie with petroleum as the world's most sought-after commodity.
D) Coffee beans are not the world's most sought-after commodity.
E) Petroleum has superseded coffee beans as the world's most traded commodity.
In the 1990s cancer was nearly always fatal; by the 1930s one out of five cancer patients was saved; by 1975 treatment was successful in one out every three cancer patients .........
A) New evidence suggests that the highest risk for long cancer occurs in asbestos workers who smoke
B) In deed everyone knows that cancer refers to a group of over 100 different diseases
C) Today scientists and physicians believe that half of all cancer patients can be saved if present knowledge is applied promptly in every case
D) Rehabilitation of the cancer patients has become an important new concern for social workers
E) The aim of cancer rehabilitation is to help the patient lead as normal a life as possible
Almost 3,000 people were killed and twice ___ injured in the bloody battle of Antietam in 1862.
A) unlike
B) so that
C) so much
D) as many
E) more than
After most of the buildings ---- by the earthquake, locals ---- in special relief camps.
A) destroyed / had been housed
B) had been destroyed / were housed
C) will destroy / will be housed
D) are destroyed / housed
E) were destroyed / had housed
Peter : I hear Mr. Lewis is holding yet another meeting today.
Today : Yes. At 3 o’clock sharp.
Peter : _________________
Tony : You may be right. But perhaps he just wants to give us some more detailed information about it.
A) I’ve no idea about what’s on the agenda, have you?
B) I reckon he’s more worried about the take-over than he cares to admit.
C) Let’s hope it won’t last more than an hour.
D) Is it true that the employees are planning to go on a strike?
E) Are the office staff expected to attend as well?
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803- 1882 ) was a sage, not a scientist, but he was more keenly interested in the scientific advances of his day than is commonly realized. One of his early aspirations was to be 'a naturalist', and he started his career (22) ----- a lecturer- essayist by giving talks on natural science, (23) ----- one focused on the chemical composition of water. (24) -----Emerson went on to make his mark primarily in the areas of literature, religion, philosophy and social reform, he remained an eager lifelong student of both traditional and contemporary natural and social science. To date, however, this side of Emerson's thought and life (25) -----. only a handful of significant scholarly discussions. Emerson's life in science is the best of books (26) -----this aspect of Emerson that have marked the bicentennial of his birth, and it is one that will endure.
26. A) to
B) for
C) with
D) on
E) at
The daisy is a flowering plant belonging to the family Asteraceae. There are approximately 4000 species of daisies. _______ . Daisies can live in both wet and dry climates, and they are resistant to pesticides and insects. Daisies have green leaves that are divided into many lobes. They have a large flower made up of many small flowers; the color of the flower depends on the species of daisy.
A) They are found on every continent, excluding Antarctica
B) Growing daisies is perfect for beginning gardeners
C) Daisies like rich, well drained soil and full sunshine
D) They are seldom bothered by insects and disease
E) They will readily tolerate poorer soils and partial shade
By analyzing depression, we find that depression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and himself. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood swings, gloomy thoughts, and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and experimentation .Therefore it comes to no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly under diagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which may often continue into adulthood. Brown (1996) has said the reason why depression is often over looked in children and adolescents is because children are not always able to express how they feel. Sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults.
The point made in the passage that ____.
A) everybody tends to think of depression as an illness of adulthood
B) the high suicide rate that is basically a result of depression
C) disorders in children are included in the category of diagnosed psychiatric illnesses
D) the majority of the cases of adolescent depression are mild
E) early onset places children at a greater risk for multiple episodes of depression
---- that consists of physically distinct parts, each with different properties.
A) By the end of the eighteenth century Lavoisier and others had examined many compounds
B) Millions of substances have been characterized by chemists
C) The various materials we see around us are either substances or mixtures of substances
D) A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture
E) The word “matter” is the general term used to refer to the materials around us
Without proper planning, all other functions of management become ____ because the organization lacks a proper road map.
A) fanciful
B) faithful
C) dependable
D) irrelevant
E) adequate
Most American plays of the 18th and 19th centuries strongly reflected British influence. In fact, no New York City theatre season presented more American plays than British plays until 1910. The reasons behind this phenomenon are complex, but a common language and the ready availability of British plays and British actors offer the most obvious explanation. Although the British repertory dominated the American stage for so long, American drama had begun to diverge from British drama by the time of Andrew Jackson’s presidency, from 1828 to 1836. British plays, which typically reflected the attitudes and manners of the upper classes, were by then in conflict with more egalitarian American values. Despite this growing divergence, British actors, theatre managers, and plays continued to cross the Atlantic Ocean with regularity, and most American plays copied British models until the early 20th century. For this reason some critics claim that American drama was not born until the end of World War I (1914-1918).By the end of the 19th century American drama was moving steadily toward realism, illuminating the rough or seamy side of life and creating more believable characters. Realism remained the dominant trend of the 20th century in both comedies and tragedies. American drama achieved international recognition with the psychological realism of plays by Eugene O’Neill and their searing investigation of characters’ inner lives. As the century advanced, the number of topics considered suitable for drama broadened to encompass race, gender, sexuality, and death.
55.The main aim of writer is to inform the reader about the ................
A) history and development of British Drama in the 20th century
B) history and development of American drama in the 19th century
C) the impact of the World War I on American and British plays in the 20th century
D) influence of British drama on American drama and the birth of the American realistic drama
E) famous American dramatist, Eugene O’Neill and his influence on American theatre
At the end of 1998,
A) relaxes / kept
B) had relaxed / have kept
C) has relaxed / were keeping
D) relaxed / had kept
E) will relax / are keeping
Phobias are intense, irrational fears which cannot be ---- even when the sufferer is aware, as is usually the case, that there is no reason for the fear.
A) spoilt B) undergone C) foreseen D) initiated E) overcome
Peter : I can’t understand why aluminium is so important in industry. It’s so light.
Robert : But that’s one of its great advantages.
Peter : ______
Robert : It’s resistant to corrosion by, among other things, chemicals and foodstuffs.
A) What are some of its uses?
B) But why is it an advantage?
C) But is it strong enough?
D) Really? What’s another?
E) Cost wise. is it economical?
Farmers in many countries utilize antibiotics in two key ways: at full strength to treat animals that are sick and in low doses to fatten meat-producing livestock or to prevent veterinary illnesses. Although even the proper use of antibiotics can inadvertently lead to the spread of drug resistant bacteria, the habit of using a low dose is a formula for disaster: the treatment provides just enough antibiotic to kill some but not all bacteria.The germs that survive are typically those that happen to bear genetic mutations for resisting the antibiotic. They then reproduce and exchange genes with other microbial resisters. As bacteria are found literally everywhere, resistant strains produced in animals eventually find their way into people as well. You could not design a better system for guaranteeing the spread of antibiotic resistance. To cease the spread, Denmark enforced tighter rules on the use of antibiotics in the raising of poultry and other farm animals.The lesson is that improving animal husbandry – making sure that pens, stalls and cages are properly cleaned and giving animals more room or time to mature – offsets the initial negative impact of limiting antibiotic use.
- Pek çok ülkede çiftçiler antibiyotiklerden iki temel şekilde faydalanmaktadır: (1) hasta olan hayvanları tedavi etmek için tam dozda ve (2) et üretimi için beslenen çiftlik hayvanlarına kilo aldırmak veya veterinerlik gerektiren hastalıkları engellemek için düşük dozlarda.Her ne kadar antibiyotiklerin düzgün bir şekilde kullanılması bile ilaca karşı dirençli bakterilerin istenmeden yayılmasına sebep olsa da, düşük dozda kullanma alışkanlığı felakete giden bir yolu ifade eder: tedavi, bakterilerin tamamını değil de bir kısmını öldürecek kadar antibiyotik sağlamaktadır.Yok olmayan mikroplar tipik olarak antibiyotiğe dirençli olabilmek için gerekli genetik mutasyona sahip olanlardır. Bunlar daha sonra çoğalıp mikroplara karşı direnen diğerleriyle gen değişimi yaparlar . Bakteriler kelimenin tam manasıyla her yerde bulunduklarından dolayı, hayvanlarda üreyen dirençli cinsler bir şekilde insanların da içine girme yolunu bulmaktadır. Antibiyotik direncinin yayılmasını garanti eden daha iyi bir sistem tasarlayamazdınız. Yayılmayı durdurmak için Danimarka, kümes ve diğer çiftlik hayvanlarının yetiştirilmesinde antibiyotik kullanımına ilişkin daha sıkı kurallar getirmiştir. Çıkarılması gereken ders şudur: besiciliğin geliştirilmesi, yani ağılların, ahırların ve kümeslerin düzgün bir şekilde temizlenmesinin sağlanması ve hayvanlara olgunlaşabilmeleri için daha çok zaman ve daha çok alan sunulması, antibiyotik kullanımını sınırlamanın başlangıçtaki olumsuz etkisini dengelemektedir.
It is implied in the passage that ----.
A) widespread use of antibiotics is intended to eliminate the chances of a possible pandemic
B) using a low dose antibiotic compared to a heavy dose is highly recommended for farmers
C) human beings should test the efficacy of using antibiotics on other animals before using them on
poultry
D) increased antibiotic resistance in human beings is due to the consumption of animal products with
antibiotic content antibiotic resistance in poultry animals has led
E) scientists to find alternative solutions to fight off these bacteria
My favorite flower from East Capitol Street has finally ____!
A) blamed
B) blinked
C) bloomed
D) blessed
E) blew
We believe that the ____ will confess under threat of death.
A) culprit
B) crisis
C) crust
D) crime
E) crop
A gigantic comet is ___ for a collision with the Earth.
A) booked
B) boosted
C) backed
D) bound
E) baffled
Newly discovered dinosaurs are named by the discoverer or by the paleontologist who determines that it represents a new genus.
----. Sometimes the dinosaur is given a name that describes something unusual about its body, head, or feet. Some are named after the location where they are found, others are named for their behaviour or size, and some are named to honour a person. The name has to be approved by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
A) Dinosaurs were one of several kinds of prehistoric reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic Era
B) Sir Richard Owen coined the word dinosaur, meaning 'fearfully great lizard,' in 1842
C) There are many different ways to choose a dinosaur name
D) It is very difficult to figure out how the dinosaurs sounded, how they behaved, how they mated
E) There were lots of different kinds of dinosaurs that lived at different times
______, it might be able to perform far more complex tasks than today's machines.
A) as the device is still in the early stages of development
B) even thought no such computer as roll exists
C) once the theory has been adequately tested
D) unless there is fresh evidence to the contrary
E) if such a computer could be made
After a long and rich history, .............,
A) during which the region splintered and coalesced under a variety of absolute rulers
B) where the Nepali landscape is uncommonly diverse
C) this arrangement was marked by increasing instability
D) who have sought to overthrow feudal institutions
E) has led to the ongoing Nepalese Civil War
Andrew: - Software engineers have programmed a computer to investigate suspicious deaths. That sounds interesting.
Mark: - Tell me more about the programme.
Andrew: - ----
Mark: - Sounds sensible. In detective fiction, the police are invariably on the wrong track because it appears to be the most likely one.
A) The problem is obviously the huge volume of information you would have to put in.
B) One can only learn the truth by asking relevant questions.
C) The software also has a 'truth maintenance' programme.
D) I suppose it could help to prevent miscarriages of justice.
E) It's designed to help detectives explore lines of enquiry other than the obvious ones.
58. A cat falling from a lower place is more likely to die ----.
A) than a human falling from a higher place
B) unless it is crippled
C) as it cannot bend its legs at all
D) due to the spend of the fall that would slow in longer distances
E) if it has fallen from a high altitude before
Around 1550, the Renaissance in
A) The French invasion of 1494 and the incessant warfare that ensued was one of the major factors
B) Renaissance humanists were primarily interested in the study of classical texts
C) To the Italian political disasters was added a waning of Italian prosperity
D) As Italian wealth diminished, there was less and less of a surplus to support artistic endeavours
E)
----- so long as you pay attention and stick to the rules.
A) There is a huge number of fascinating wrecks around Britain
B) Wrecks under the sea can contain hazardous materials like oil and gas
C) Scuba diving is very safe
D) Scuba was first patented in 1865 and was perfected over the years
E) Scuba divers get a great deal of pleasure from exploring wrecks
Genetics sprang up with the discovery by Mendel that observable hereditary character-istics are determined by factors which are invariable and transmitted from one generation to the next.
A) Genetik biliminin ortaya çıkmasını sağlayan etken; Mendel’in, gözlemlenebilir kalıtsal özelliklerin değişmeyen ve nesilden nesile aktarılan faktörler tarafından belirlendiğini keşfetmesiydi.
B) Genetik bilimi; Mendel’in, gözlemlenebilir kalıtsal özelliklerin değişmeyen ve nesilden nesile aktarılan faktörler tarafından belirlendiğini keşfetmesiyle filizlendi.
C) Genetik bilimi; Mendel’in, değişmeyen ve nesilden nesile aktarılan faktörleri gözlemlenebilir kalıtsal özelliklerle açıklamasıyla ortaya çıktı.
D) Mendel’in gözlemlenebilir kalıtsal faktörlerin nesilden nesile aktarıldığını keşfetmesiyle genetik bilimindeki değişmeyen özellikler ortaya çıktı.
E) Mendel, gözlemlenebilir kalıtsal özelliklerin değişmeyen ve nesilden nesile aktarılan faktörler tarafından belirlendiğini keşfetti ve böylelikle genetik bilimi filizlendi.
Her aquatic undertakings captured the public imagination and brought her unexpected fame.
A) Her investigations into life in the oceans earned her the admiration of the general public.
B) Her underwater adventures appealed to the general public and soon she became quite famous.
C) As her understanding of the sea-bed grew she attracted considerable attention and even became famous.
D) She contributed greatly to our knowledge of aquatic life and deserves her fame.
E) People were enthralled by her undersea missions and, surprisingly, she became famous.