1. BOŞLUKTA GRAMER SORULARI (7-16)
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The United States has long prided itself on being a melting pot of culturally ___ peoples.
A) substantial
B) incoherent
C) entire
D) diverse
E) redundant
The American constitution with its various constraints --- to protect citizens can actually shield criminals.
A) discovered B) designed
C) persuaded D) complained
E) displayed
If one or more of the four heart valves are diseased or damaged it can affect the flow of blood in two ways. If the valve does not open fully, it obstructs the flow of blood - known as valve stenosis. If the valve does not close properly, it will allow blood to leak backwards - called valve incompetence or valve regurgitation. Both stenosis, a narrowing which makes the heart pump faster to get blood past the obstruction, and incompetence, which means the heart has to do more to pump the required volume of blood forwards, put extra strain on the heart. The blood behind the affected valve will also be under increased pressure, called back pressure, leading to a build-up of fluid in the lungs or lower part of the body, depending on the valve affected. Symptoms include tiredness or breathlessness when exercising, swelling of the ankles and legs, dizziness or fainting in extreme cases. Angina - chest pain - can occur. Heart valve disease can be caused by being born with one or more abnormal valves, called congenital heart disease. Disease can also be the result of rheumatic fever, now uncommon in the UK, or ageing of the heart, if valves thicken. Drugs, including diuretics, ACE inhibitors and dioxin, can be used to treat valvular heart disease, but if the obstruction or leaking of the valves is too severe, medicines may not be enough and surgery may be required. The danger varies for individual patients depending on factors such as age and other medical conditions.
It is made clear in the passage that ____.
A) valvular stenosis is a condition in which blood leaks back in the wrong direction
B) heart valves control blood flow through the one chamber of the heart
C) valve stenosis may involve backward leakage of blood
D) the less the narrowing or leakage becomes, the harder the heart has to work
E) stenosis and regurgitation may affect the same valve
The price of crude oil ---- by 40% this year due to the continuing risk of disruption in the Middle East, which ---- for one-third of global production.
A) surges / accounted
B) had surged / has accounted
C) has surged / accounts
D) surged / had accounted
E) will surge / could have accounted
(I) Morality has, to a considerable degree, become secularised. (II) Morals are no longer regarded as absolute, final or unchangeable. (III) This not to minimise institutional religion or discount the value of individual belief. (IV) Rather, they are seen as man-made and as such as variable from community to community, and from group to group. (V) The real test of morality has come to be whether or not it contributes to the social good.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Being a/an ___ listener during the lectures will enable you to understand them easily.
A) audible
B) attentive
C) excessive
D) available
E) arbitrary
In feudal Japan, the za were any — the mercantile or craft associations that flourished —1100 and 1590.
A) in /up to B) at/through C) of/between
D) over/ before E) under /from
Surely he behaved in a more ____ manner so as to gain the cooperation of the other side.
A) unconscious
B) conservative
C) inconsistent
D) considerate
E) conditional
If he’d only been less officious the other side would certainly have been more amenable.
A) His behaviour was so disagreeable it caused an impasse between the two sides.
B) The other side naturally left offended it caused by the officious manner in which head approached them.
C) He should be reproached for being so disagreeable and offending the other side.
D) I wish he could have made himself more agreeable to the other side and ensured a better response from them.
E) Surely he could have behaved in a more considerate manner so as to gain the co-operation of the other side.
Their main objective is usually to ___ that all fitting work efficiently.
A) engage
B) entaile
C) ensure
D) entice
E) envisage
Unless you use your computer -----, you can't expect it to function well.
A) surely B) particularly
C) recently D) properly
E) soundly
In case of injustice, one needs to act ___ accordance ___ the law unless they want to appear equally guilty.
A) on / with
B) in / to
C) on / of
D) in / with
E) on / to
All considered the United States has the world’s most efficient overall economy ......... This increase in efficiency has in part been made possible by the fact that this factor is less heavily unionised than the manufacturing sector.
A) Unfortunately many American car manufacturers have lost a sizeable share of the world market
B) In fact Japan has become one of the biggest exp orters of high-tech goods
C) Many American steel plants have entered a period of recession
D) Europe, however, has been making itself more efficient in the service industry
The school will contact only with the individuals listed on the emergency call card filled out by student's parents.
A) The school will be in contact with the students whose names are listed by their parents.
B) The school won’t contact with anyone apart from those whose names are on the emergency call card filled out by student’s parents.
C) If you are not listed on the emergency card, you won’t be called by the school management.
D) Student’s parents filled out the emergency call card, so that they can leave their children without hesitation.
E) Parents filled out the emergency call cards and the names were listed but the school hasn’t called them yet.
But it has become increasingly hard to sustain the idea that we inhabit a museum culture in a society.
A) Ancak, bir topluma müze kültürünü yerleştirme görüşünü sürdürmek giderek zorlaşmıştır.
B) Malesef, bir topluma müze kültürünü yerleştirebilme görüşü gittikçe anlamını kaybetmiştir.
C) Fakat bir topluma müze kültürünü yerleştirme görüşü düşüncesi, bugün daha da anlamını yitirmiştir.
D) Ne var ki bir topluma müze kültürünü yerleştirmek gerektiği görüşünü gerçekleştirmek mümkün değildir.
E) Ama bir topluma müze kültürünü yerleştirme savı, gittikçe daha güçlü destek bulmaktadır.
___ lead is added to petrol, it improves the car's performance.
A) Unless B) In case
C) When D) Until
E) Which
There are situations _____ the best way to heal the patient is to help him die peacefully.
A) from where B) in that C) where
D) for whom E) in which
Marxism ______ an important movement in
A) would ever have been/takes
B) had ever been/would take
C) never was/has taken
D) would never be/would have taken
E) has never been/took
The use of capital punishment has been a permanent fixture in society since the earliest civilizations and continues to be used as a form of punishment in countries today. It has been used for various crimes ranging from the desertion of soldiers during wartime to the more heinous crimes of serial killers. However, the mere fact that this brutal form of punishment and revenge has been the policy of many nations in the past does not subsequently warrant its implementation in today's society. The capital punishment is morally and socially unethical, should be construed as cruel and unusual punishment since it is both discriminatory and arbitrary, has no proof of acting as a deterrent, and risks the atrocious and unacceptable injustice of executing innocent people. In one respect it is a massacre. As long as capital punishment exists in our society it will continue to spark the injustice which it has failed to curb.
We can infer from the passage that ____.
A) there are incompatibilities between death penalty and execution
B) lack of justice has gone on continuously for a long time
C) death penalty was used only for some crimes
D) had there not been death penalty the rate of crimes would have increased
E) only real criminals have been judged
Hybrid cars are certainly a step in the right ____.
A) diet
B) dilemma
C) direction
D) detriment
E) difference
Socrates ------ that we ------ with the improvement of our souls.
A) must have said / would be concerned
B) had said / had to be concerned
C) was saying / should have been concerned
D) has said / had been concerned
E) said / should be concerned
For a hundred years or so, some critics ______ that poetry is dying, and all that time poets ______ poems that later generations recognise as great.
A) have maintained/have been writing
B) maintained /wrote
C) had maintained/were writing
D) maintain/are writing
E) would maintain/had been writing
Since the 1950’s, modern dance in Europe and
A) cast B) explored
C) constituted D) relaxed
E) followed
Bazı bilim adamları, roketi hareket ettirmek için roket egzosunun iteceği bir olması gerektiğini düşünüyordu; bununla beraber, uzay boşluğunda ilerleyen roketler bu düşüncenin doğru olmadığını gösterdi.
A) It was believed by certain scientists that there had to be something which the rocket exhaust could push against to move the rocket; however, the rockets traveling in the emptiness of space proved them wrong.
B) Some scientists used to think that something which the rocket exhaust could push against was necessary to move the rocket; however, the inaccuracy of this idea was proven by the rockets traveling in the vacuum of the space.
C) Some scientists used to believe that rocket exhaust needed something to push against in order to move the rocket; however, rockets traveling in the vacuum of space demonstrated that this belief was not true.
D) Some scientists used to believe that the rockets could move only when there was something that the rocket exhaust could push against; however, when rockets travelled in space, they realized the inaccuracy of their beliefs.
E) Some scientists held that there had to be something against which the rocket exhaust could push in order to move the rocket; however, the inaccuracy of this idea was understood when rocket succefully travelled in space.
Many of the concepts, terms, and issues related to social classes are also used in Marxist
criticism, which stems from the works of the nineteenth-century German philosopher Karl
Marx.
A) Marxist eleştiri, ondokuzuncu yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl Marx’ın eserlerine dayanmakta olup,
toplumsal sınıflara ilişkin bir çok kavram, terim ve konuyu içerir.
B) Toplumsal sınıflara ilişkin olarak kullanılan çeşitli kavramlar, terimler ve konular, ondokuzuncu
yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl Marx’ın eserlerine dayanan Marxist eleştiri ile örtüşmektedir.
C) Ondokuzuncu yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl Marx’ın eserlerinden ortaya çıkan Marxist eleştiri,
toplumsal sınıflara ilişkin kullanılan çoğu kavram, terim ve konunun temelini oluşturur.
D) Toplumsal sınıflara ilişkin pek çok kavram, terim ve konu, ondokuzuncu yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl
Marx’ın eserlerinden kaynaklanan Marxist eleştiride de kullanılmaktadır.
E) Toplumsal sınıfları tanımlamada kullanılan değişik kavram, terim ve konular, ondokuzuncu
yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl Marx’ın çalışmalarından esinlenen Marxist eleştirinin
kapsamını belirler.
Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned undersea vehicles have (17) ............... some of the limitations of divers and diving equipment. Without a vehicle divers often became sluggish and their mental (18) ............... became limited. Because of undersea pressure which affected their speech organs, communication (19) ............... divers was difficult or impossible. But today most oceanographers make observations by means of instruments which are lowered into the ocean or from samples taken from the water. Direct observation of the ocean floor are made (20) ............... by divers but also by deep-diving submarines. Some of those submarines can dive to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of fifteen thousand feet. Radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control (21) ............... information back to land-based laboratories, including data about water temperature, currents and weather.
18.
A) realization
B) concentration
C) integration
D) collection
E) synthesis
A bride and groom will have bad luck if they see each other on their wedding day before the _____.
A) ceremony
B) affair
C) involvement
D) activity
E) reference
A cellular telephone is ----- to give the user maximum freedom of movement while using a telephone.
A) fixed
B) adjusted
C) planned
D) designed
E) prepared
It is stated in the passage that, for our adaptation to global warming, ----.
A) an alternative strategy is that all the coastal areas in the world have to be evacuated so that
the inhabitants can be safe from the dangers of storm surges
B) many scientists and planners are involved in a series of activities that are primarily suitable for
temperate countries
C) not only the Dutch but also governments of many countries have devoted a great deal of hard work
to the development of urgent strategies
D) new agricultural zones suitable for the growth of semitropical crops and also the development of
drought-resistant trees are the only suitable strategies
E) state planners and social scientists of different nationalities are working to develop various
strategies
Manufacturers must demonstrate that their aircraft are _____ of flying safely in cold, wet conditions.
A) careless
B) careful
C) cardinal
D) capable
E) carnivore
______ Usually the literary ballad is more elaborate and complex; the poet may retain only some of the devices and conventions of the older verse narrative.'Ballad of a Mother's Heart' is a poem written by Jose la Villa Tierra. The poem utilizes third-person narration and tells a brief tale of a love-struck young man willing to betray his mother for a fair maiden.
A) Ballads should not be confused with the ballade, a 14th and 15th century French verse form
B) Many traditional ballads have themes related to the supernatural
C) The literary ballad is a narrative poem created by a poet in imitation of the old anonymous folk ballad.
D) Those ballads not composed in this stanza use one or another adaptation of it that is still essentially simple in structure
E) We know about ballads because mostly literate people have collected them from often pre-literate people and published them
One day humans -----on Mars if US President Bush's recently announced plans -----to fruition.
A) could be walking / come
B) would walk / had come
C) can be walking /will come
D) would have walked / come
E) will be walking / might come
A generation ago, few parents would have thought that teaching their baby to read was a possibility. But over the past decade or so, many parents have become convinced that they (15)— their children for a life-time of success by tutoring them (16)— infancy in reading, math, computer skills, and the like. Books and articles offering advice on such matters as teaching babies to read, and even getting them to pass entrance exams for exclusive preschools have proliferated. Do parents who follow all this advice (17)— a smarter child? (18)—some educators think so, many are doubtful. For example, there is no evidence that a child who learns to read unusually early goes on to experience more success than children who learn to read at a (19)— normal age.
15.
A) were to prepare
B) used to prepare
C) had prepared
D) should be preparing
E) would have prepared
Although Japan has one of the world's most rapidly ageing populations, -----
A) Japanese companies will be world leaders in catering for the elderly
B) other countries such as China and South Korea and most of Western Europe are closing the gap
C) in 2004 one-fifth of its population will be 6 or over and there will be more than 20,000 people over the age of a hundred
D) the increasing burden of providing pensions and health care for the growing number of elderly will cause Japan's public finances to remain by far the worst in the developed world
E) to safeguard the financial assets of its pensioners, the bank of Japan will not be able to take any radical measures
Having been _____ with the rat race in big cities, many people have moved to small towns to lead a simpler life.
A) disposed of B) fed up
C) rounded up D) looked into
E) cared for
(I) Today the worst problem facing the government of South Africa is unemployment. (II) This now affects a third of the population and is rising rapidly. (III) Actually, the end of South Africa’s isolation from the world meant that companies had cut jobs to be competitive. (IV) Moreover, in order to meet the government’s tight deficit targets, there are no cuts being made in the number of the public-service staff, which makes unemployment even worse. (V) In the economic sector, the situation is even more hopeful, for there has been a wave of reforms and mergers among banks and insurance companies.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Beginning in the 1960s acceleration programs fell out of favor with educators who believed that putting gifted students in classrooms of older children could create social and emotional problems.
A) 1960’lı yılların başlarında hızlandırma programları, yetenekli çocukları kendilerinden büyük çocukların sınıflarına koymanın sosyal ve duygusal sorunlar yaratacağını düşünen eğitimciler tarafından uygulamadan kaldırıldı.
B) 1960’lardan itibaren eğitimciler, yetenekli çocukların kendilerinden büyük çocukların sınıfına konması şeklinde uygulanan hızlandırma programlarının sosyal ve duygusal sorunlara yol açabileceğini düşünerek bunları göz ardı etmeye başladılar.
C) 1960’lardan başlayarak hızlandırma programları, yetenekli çocukları sosyal ve duygusal sorunları olan daha büyük çocukların sınıflarına koymanın yanlış olacağını düşünen eğitimcilerin gözünden düştü.
D) 1960’lardan itibaren hızlandırma programları, yetenekli çocukların kendilerinden daha büyük çocukların sınıfına konmasının, sosyal ve duygusal sorunlar yaratabileceğini düşünen eğitimcilerin gözünden düştü.
E) 1960’lardan itibaren hızlandırma programları olarak da bilinen yetenekli çocukları kendilerinden büyük çocukların sınıflarına koyma uygulaması, sosyal ve duygusal sorunlara yol açtı.