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The Copernican revolution began over 500 years ago with the realization that the Earth was not the centre
of the universe, but we still await its grand finale: the anticipated discovery of life elsewhere. Where else
might we find life? The vast scale of the universe makes it virtually certain that there are other Earthlike
settings. In our own solar system, Mars’s distance from the Sun makes it sufficiently Earth-like;
so, especially with increasing evidence for occasional liquid water, many are looking there for the first signs
of extraterrestrial life. Recently, however, a new contender has emerged, and surprisingly it is from
the cold outer solar system: it is Jupiter’s moon Europa. As one of the four satellites of Jupiter,
discovered by Galileo in 1610, Europa is now believed to have water in a liquid state, even though
it is so far from the Sun. Thus, the possibility of liquid water on Europa has opened the door to speculation
about life on this satellite of Jupiter.
It is stated in the passage that currently Mars ----.
A) has been established as the only planet with a
vast amount of water under its surface
B) is being fully explored because, as a planet, it is
so close to the Earth
C) has been partially studied, and so it still
maintains its mystery as a planet
D) has been the main focus of the scientific search
for extraterrestrial life
E) and Europa provide a great deal of evidence for
a better understanding of the solar system
We ___ both time and money to the senator's campaign.
A) converted
B) convicted
C) contributed
D) conveyed
E) convinced
(I) Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. (II) The Indian caste system is the traditional hereditary social system of India. (III) Anthropologists, historians and sociologists identify class as a social structure emerging from pre-history. (IV) Social classes with more power usually subordinate classes with less power. (V) They are usually viewed as elites, at least within their own societies.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
It’s implied in the pasage that the basic aim for people to wear clothes seems to be ----.
A) to look more sarcastic
B) to show their character
C) to reveal their social status
D) to keep warm and look more attractive
E) to revolt against dominant rules
One characteristic property of a gas is its compressibility, that is, its ability to be squeezed into a smaller volume by the application of pressure. By comparison, liquids and solids are relatively incompressible. The compressibility of gases was first studied quantitatively by Robert
Boyle in 1661. When he poured mercury into the open end of a J-shaped tube, the volume of the enclosed gas decreased. Each addition of mercury increased the pressure on the gas, decreasing its volume. ----
A) It is true that gases are composed of molecules whose size is negligible compared with the
average distance between them.
B) While studying the composition of air, John Dalton concluded in 1801 that each gas in a
mixture of unreactive gases acts as though it were the only gas in the mixture.
C) According to Newton, the pressure of a gas was due to the mutual repulsions of the gas particles,
that is, gas molecules.
D) The Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli suggested in 1738 that molecules of
gases move faster at higher temperatures.
E) From such experiments, he formulated the law now known by his name and called “Boyle’s law.”
politician in
A) supported the British government’s decision to
tax the American colonists against their will
B) believed that the French would dare to invade
the American colonies
C) agreed that “the Boston Tea Party” jeopardized
trade with the colonies
D) was convinced that the British forces in
were strong enough to defeat the colonists
E) was of the opinion that the American colonists
would ever dream of independence
When you ____on a ship, you go on board before the start of a voyage.
A) embark
B) embed
C) elect
D) emit
E) elaborate
He is hoping that, by the time he -----for the grant, his book on Egyptian, silverwork -----.
A) has to apply/ will have been published
B) had applied/ had been published
C) was to apply / has been published
D) will be applying / would have been published
E) would have applied / will be published
The Mississippi is one of the world’s great continental rivers, like the Amazon in South America, the Congo
in Africa, or the Volga in Europe. Its waters are gathered from two-thirds of the US and, together with
the Missouri, which is its chief western branch, the Mississippi flows some
northern sources in the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico, which makes it one of the world’s longest
waterways. The Mississippi has been called the “father of waters”. Through all its lower course, it
wanders along, appearing lazy and harmless. But people who know the river are not deceived by its
benign appearance, for they have had many bitter struggles with its floods. They have had to learn that
nothing is to be gained by fighting against the rages of the mighty stream. To control it, Americans have
had to accept some of the river’s own terms and to undertake the patient work of conserving and
rebuilding soil, grasslands and forests, far back where the waters begin to gather.
It is clear from the passage that the sources of
the Mississippi’s waters ----.
A) are so limited that the river seldom causes
flooding along its banks
B) are not as many as those of other continental
rivers in the world
C) need to be conserved to protect the river from
environmental pollution
D) are spread over a great part of the US
E) cannot be ascertained, since the Rocky
Mountains have not been explored fully
The American constitution with its various constraints _____ to protect citizens can actually shield criminals.
A) designed
B) displayed
C) discovered
D) complained
E) persuaded
(I) Hydrogen balloons used to be really popular, but hydrogen is extremely flammable (II) If you were to fill a soda bottle with helium and another with air, the one filled with helium would weigh a gram less than the bottle with air. (III) It doesn't sound like a lot, but that's why balloons rise in the air. (IV) Helium balloons follow the same principle as you do when you float in the water; the law of buoyancy. (V) If the water you displace weighs more than you do, you will float.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Kafkaslar, 1991’de Sovyetler Birliği’nin çöküşünden arta kalmış birçok içten içe kaynayan çatışmayı barındırmaktadır.
A) After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the
Caucasus has become an area with various
simmering conflicts.
B) Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in
1991, there have emerged various tensions in
the Caucasus ready to explode into conflicts.
C) The Caucasus harbours several simmering
conflicts left after the collapse of the Soviet
Union in 1991.
D) It is in the Caucasus that, following the fall of the
Soviet Union in
risen, ready to explode into conflicts.
E) Several regional conflicts have risen in the
Caucasus since the collapse of the Soviet Union
in 1991.
Their Prime Minister has been able to act more aggressively in the past year because he has -----his power within the government.
A) recommended B) reduced
C) compelled D) consolidated
E) impaired
No campaign ---- unless there is a possibility that it ----.
A) needs to be begun / would be won
B) should be begun / can be won
C) may begin / would rather win
D) must be begun / used to win
E) could begin / has to be won
It was precisely for fear of setting a dangerous precedent ____ .
A) drug policy has gone up in smoke
B) most Californians appear happy with the programme
C) that the government's critics had accepted such a proposal
D) that drug addiction is a disease, and so relapses are to be expected
E) by offering treatment instead of incarceration for non-violent adult drug offenders
Her health has improved ____ since she started on this new diet.
A) severely
B) appropriately
C) defectively
D) accurately
E) dramatically
In 2004, the remains of a tiny and mysterious human species, ----, were discovered on an Indonesian island.
A) where a group of people were once living
B) famous fossils include the remarkably complete dug up in Ethiopia in 1974
C) that may have lived as recently as 13,000 years ago
D) genetics and fossil evidence hint that we last shared a common ancestor 7 to 10 million years ago
E) first recognised more than a decade ago
You're lying in bed and just about to fall (1) ---- when you can hear a faint high-pitched buzz. You turn over and try to (2) ---- it. It gets louder and louder and then it's right near your ear: A mosquito. You get out of bed and spend the next ten or fifteen minutes trying to find the insect, which is almost an impossible task but there's no sleep until it is (3) ----. But imagine a worse scenario: (4) ---- will the insect keep you awake with its buzzing, but give you a bite that (5) ---- for days afterwards.
1.
A) asleep B) sleepy
C) sleep D) sleepless
E) slept
According to the passage, the programmes BBC4 has to offer ----.
A) rarely come up to expectations
B) are varied, unusual and thought-provoking
C) are mostly news programmes and London orientated
D) are attracting very large numbers of viewers
E) constitute a close rival for BBC1 as regards ratings
Reflecting the glorious elegance of the Ottomans, Life Collection consists of designs which you can use in daily life and which will add value to your presentations in special occasions.
A) Osmanlı’nın ihtişamlı zarafetini yansıtan Yaşam Koleksiyonu hem günlük hayatınızda kullanabileceğiniz hem de sunumlarınıza ve özel davetlerinize değer katacak tasarımlardan seçilmiştir.
B) Osmanlı’nın ihtişamlı zarafetini yansıtan Yaşam Koleksiyonu hem günlük hayatınızda kullanabileceğiniz hem de sunumlarınıza ve özel davetlerinize değer katacak tasarımlardan oluşuyor.
C) Osmanlı döneminin ihtişamlı zarafetini yansıtan Yaşam Koleksiyonu hem günlük hayatınızda kullanabileceğiniz hem de sunumlarınıza ve özel davetlerinize değer katacak tasarımlardan meydana gelmiştir.
D) İhtişamlı Osmanlı döneminin zarafetini yansıtan Yaşam Koleksiyonu hem günlük hayatınızda kullanabileceğiniz hem de sunumlarınıza ve özel davetlerinize değer katan tasarımlar olacaktır.
E) İhtişamlı Osmanlı döneminin zarafetini yansıtan Yaşam Koleksiyonu hem günlük hayatınızda kullanabileceğiniz hem de sunumlarınıza ve özel davetlerinize değer katan tasarımlardan oluşuyordu.
Stoicism is a school of philosophy. Its distinctive feature is its cosmopolitanism. .............. Thus, Stoics recognized and advocated the brotherhood of humanity and the natural equality of all human beings.
A) They were also noted for their incredibly hostile attitude toward both slaves and villagers
B) However, they struggled hard to destroy the brotherhood of humanity and the equality of human beings
C) According to Stoicism, all people are manifestations of the one universal spirit and should live in brotherly love and readily help one another
D) They maintained the idea that brotherly love and equality were not likely to become true among people
E) Yet, the word 'stoic' now is very commonly referred to someone indifferent to pain, pleasure, grief, or joy
Brian : Have the police asked for your version of the story yet?
Peter : No, not yet. But they did say I should try to avoid discussing
the matter.
Brian : _____
Peter : Did they really? It all seems extremely serious.
A) They have begun saying that to everyone, but to no effect.
B) Well, we do try not to. But it is on everyone’s mind.
C) They told me the same thing.
D) I gave my version yesterday. But they didn’t seem interested.
British climber George Mallory famously said he wanted to ___ Mount Everest because it was there.
A) cheer
B) charge
C) climb
D) charm
E) cheat
Legal and illegal drugs can be abused, _____.
A) that do not involve any damage or injury, littering
B) and abuse sometimes leads to overdosing
C) that they do not involve any damage or injury
D) since young people can be caused by a disorder
E) so she has issues with prescription or illegal drugs
The unique idea of building an underwater hotel ____ to a German architect.
A) behaves
B) bears
C) cares
D) bans
E) belongs
Starting in 1955, all workers had to wear steel helmets ______ .
A) how difficult to work without helmets.
B) that they were made from plastics.
C) because the governments had promised to do it.
D) if they were employed in the construction industry
E) but it is essential that we disprove it.
The French Revolution transformed the political and diplomatic landscape of Europe suddenly and dramatically. The transformation of industry came
more gradually. By the 1830s or 1840s, however, writers and social thinkers in Europe were increasingly aware of unexpected and extraordinary
changes in their economic world. They began to speak of an “industrial revolution,” one that seemed to parallel the revolution in politics. The term has
stayed with us. The Industrial Revolution spanned the hundred years after 1780. It represented the first breakthrough from an agricultural and
overwhelmingly rural economy to one characterized by large-scale manufacturing, more capital-intensive enterprises, and urbanization. It involved new
sources of energy and power, faster transportation, mechanization, higher productivity, and new ways of organizing human labour. It triggered social changes
with revolutionary consequences for the West and its relationship with the world. Of all these changes, perhaps the most important one was to be seen in
energy. Over the space of two or three generations, a society and an economy that had traditionally drawn on water, wind, and wood for most of its energy needs came to depend on steam engines and coal. In other words, the Industrial Revolution brought the beginnings of “the fossil fuel age.”
32. ____ ,over 700.000 vehicles are on the streets.
A) Unless the increase in population is encouraged
B) Until everybody agrees to buy a car
C) If we had not bought so many cars
D) Since accident rates worry everybody
E) Due to the dramatic increase in population
He really does not mind who he works for, but the pay has to be good.
A) It’s the money that interests him, not the type of work of his employer.
B) With him, it is the money that matters, not the type of work.
C) To his way of thinking, the job should be better paid.
D) He is the sort who will do anything for money.
E) He will work for just about anyone so long as they pay him well.
It has been demonstrated, however, that international trade increases the wealth of all participants, even those with lower ____ than their trading partners.
A) productivity B) credibility C) sustainability
D) conductivity E) respectability
Computers are now part of our everyday lives and there seems to be nothing out of the ordinary about them. However, the computers of the (17)______ are a different position. They are already beginning to sound (18) ______ science fiction. Supercomputers, many (19)______ more powerful than today's fastest machines, could be contained in a tiny drop of liquid. (20) ______ would not be built of silicon, (22) DNA, the stuff of life itself.
17.
A) future B) current
C) present D) recent
E) next
According to the passage, if the price went down to $5 and you sold your shares ____.
It is implied from the passage that ____.
A) stock prices don't always go up
B) losing money is not possible in stock market
C) your stocks divide into a lot of items
D) many people obliged to work with a company
E) it is added ten percent of profit to your profit
72. _____ Until a program is prepared and stored in the computer's memory, the computer “knows” absolutely nothing, not even how to accept or reject, data. Even the most sophisticated computer must be told what to do.
A) A computer is similar to a typewriter.
B) A computer can repeat the same operation over and over again forever if permitted.
C) Computers are widely used because they save time.
D) Computers solve problems by means of various mathematical and decision, making operations.
E) Like all machines, a computer needs to be directed and controlled if it performs a task successfully.
(I) While, therefore, the formal and literary varieties of British and American English are intelligible, they are different. (II) There are no important differences between the English of Great Britain and that of Australia, New Zealand, or indeed South Africa. (III) The literary language of the four communities is virtually identical. (IV) Grammatically, too, the English of all four is uniform; except that each has developed its own colloquial idioms. (V) Thus it is in the everyday spoken language that the main differences lie.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
In 1834 he was elected to the StateLegislature, and re-elected four times,_____.
A) courteously B) arguably
C) consecutively D) equivalently
E) rarely
In the last third of the 19th century, new Technologies transformed the face of manufacturing in
It is stated in the passage that, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, ----.
A) the steel industry in
other industries, including those of electricity and
chemicals
B) governments in
measures to prevent radical labour movements
C) the
manipulate the world steel market
D)
strengthened its dominant position in this sector
E) the use of iron and steel as construction
materials was wholly confined to shipbuilding
A society can encourage technological progress by using more resources for such activities as education and -----.
A) research
B) claim
C) glance
D) hurry
E) insult
A) institution B) sovereignty C) treatment
D) opposition E) prominence